|
| How much litter is produced in poultry farms |
| One Kg litter is produced by a broiler in one production cycle and 0.048 Kg dry matter / day is voided by a layer as droppings |
|
|
| What does the litter contains |
|
| Litter contains essential nutrients for plant growth. It also contains organic matter that improves soil characteristics. For both of the above named reasons, this is used as as a soil fertilizer. Also, chicken litter is well known as a valuable fertilizer for pasture and forage production |
|
|
|
Table 1: Typical Range of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Values for Broiler
Litter1 |
|
|
| |
%
H2O2 |
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
Ca |
| |
<-------------------------------------- lbs/ton
--------------------------------------> |
| Minimum |
2 |
22 |
18 |
23 |
18 |
| Maximum |
47 |
98 |
96 |
80 |
108 |
| Mean |
23 |
60 |
58 |
52 |
45 |
|
|
1. Adapted from VanDevender et al., 2000.
2 Values are for 2,054 broiler litter samples analyzed by University of Arkansas Agricultural Diagnostics Lab from 1993 to 2000. |
|
|
|
|
Table 2: Litter nutrient analysis at Applied Broiler
Research Unit during 9-flock
growout1
|
|
|
| Date |
Flk
Length
(Days) |
Flocks
on same Litter23 |
PH |
Moisture
(%) |
Ash
(%) |
N |
P2O5 |
K2O |
Ca |
|
<---------------lbs/ton----------------> |
| JUNE-95 |
41 |
1 |
7.4 |
33.1 |
19.6 |
33.8 |
42.5 |
36.6 |
36.2 |
| AUG-95 |
41 |
2 |
7.6 |
31.5 |
22.5 |
43.6 |
47.9 |
44.1 |
43.0 |
| OCT-96 |
41 |
3 |
7.6 |
28.7 |
26.2 |
51.8 |
57.7 |
45.6 |
46.1 |
| DEC-95 |
40 |
4 |
7.2 |
33.8 |
24.6 |
51.0 |
51.0 |
44.2 |
42. |
| FEB-96 |
45 |
5 |
6.9 |
36.0 |
24.4 |
53.3 |
52.9 |
48.4 |
43.2 |
| MAR-96 |
41 |
6 |
7.5 |
34.7 |
24.9 |
53.0 |
52.8 |
45.6 |
41.2 |
| MAY-96 |
42 |
7 |
7.8 |
27.3 |
24.0 |
62.9 |
58.2 |
52.9 |
47.4 |
| JUN-96 |
42 |
8 |
7.3 |
28.7 |
26.0 |
49.5 |
59.3 |
54.2 |
47.3 |
| AUG-96 |
43 |
9 |
7.8 |
23.3 |
22.6 |
60.3 |
69.3 |
58.3 |
53.5 |
|
|
|
|
1. Initial bedding material was 50/50 mix of rice hulls and pine shavings/sawdust.
|
|
2. Caked litter was removed after each flock, but samples were taken before cake removal.
|
|
3. Figures are averages of four 40 x 400' houses on the farm.
|
|
|
|
Table 3: Composition of Poultry Manure
|
|
|
| Nutrient |
Deep Litter |
Cage System |
| Nitrogen %ge |
1.22 |
1.63 |
| P2O5 %ge |
2.04 |
4.65 |
| K20 %ge |
1.65 |
2.10 |
| S %ge |
0.95 |
1.15 |
| Zn ppm |
164 |
433 |
| Cu ppm |
34 |
41 |
| Fe
ppm |
2405 |
5200 |
| Mn
pm |
275 |
490 |
|
|
|
|
Table 4: Chemical composition of poultry waste from different sources on Dry Matter Basis
|
|
|
| |
Broiler |
Layer |
| |
Deep Litter |
Cage droppings |
Deep Litter |
Cage droppings |
| CP |
24 to 31 |
20 to 23 |
15 to 19 |
23 to 28 |
| True Protein |
15 to 17 |
10 to 12 |
NA |
11.3 |
| Crude Fibre |
16 to 24 |
17 to 28 |
20 to 26 |
12 to 28 |
| Ether Extract |
03.3 |
1.21 to 1.66 |
0.73 |
0.9 to 2.0 |
| Nitrogen Free Extract |
29.5 |
30 to 37 |
38 |
28 to 38 |
| Total Ash |
15 |
21 to 29 |
28 to 29 |
21 to 28 |
|
|
|
|
Table 5: Mineral content of Poultry Waste on Dry Matter Basis
|
|
|
| |
Broiler |
Layer |
| |
Deep Litter |
Cage droppings |
|
| Ca |
2.3 |
1.65 |
8.8 |
| P |
1.70 |
1.45 |
2.50 |
| Mg |
0.48 |
0.66 |
0.67 |
| Na |
0.54 |
0.40 |
0.94 |
| K |
2.04 |
1.40 |
2.33 |
| Fe ppm |
1414 |
3480 |
0.20 |
| Cu ppm |
267 |
20.50 |
150 |
| Mn ppm |
286 |
245 |
406 |
| Zn ppm |
275 |
47.50 |
463 |
|
|
|
|
What are the causes of Wet litter
?
|
 |
Age of the litter |
|
Bird density may be high |
|
Disease Agents like Bacteria, Viral |
|
Faulty Foggers |
|
Feed dietary Changes Higher Minerals |
|
Higher fiber in feed |
|
Humidity |
|
Moldy feeds |
|
Poor drinker management |
|
Type of Bedding material |
|
Ventilation |
|
Water leaks |
|
Weather |
|
|
|
|
What are the Resulting Health problems arising out of wet litter
?
|
|
Adverse effect on respiratory system |
|
Breast blisters, buttons and scabby areas |
|
Bruising, |
|
Burnt foot pads, skin and leg problems |
|
Damage to the bird’s mechanical fefence mechanism |
|
Drop in performance |
|
E Coli,
CRD, Brooder pneumonia |
|
In severe cases blindness |
|
In younger flock, coccidiosis |
|
Increase in Ammonia Levels |
|
Increased fly population |
|
Irritation to eyes |
|
|
|
|
What results may be expected by using this product
?
|
Max Moisture: 12%
Max Ammonia: 25 ppm in about three days and thereafter consistently
Max. Pathogen load: 10 to the power of 3/gm
|
|
|
|
WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES OF BIOODONIL?
|
|
Binds the Heavy Metals in the Litter |
|
Bio safe |
|
Degrades Ammonia and Nitrites |
|
Deodourises not by masking but by degrading the causant pollutants. |
|
Makes the litter free from Pathogens |
|
Non carcinogenic |
|
Prevents Fly & Maggot
menance. |
|
|
|
What level usage is recommended
?
Once in 15 Days one time @ 40 gms/ TON feed
|
|
|
References
Berry, I. L. 1997. Litter production at the Broiler Energy Project. Pages 9-10 In: Progress Report: Broiler Energy Project 1995-97. Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, Coop. Ext. Ser., Agri. Exp. Sta., University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
Doye, D. G., J. G. Berry, P. R. Green, and P. E. Norris. 1992. Broiler production: Considerations for potential growers. Okla. Coop. Ext. Ser. Fact Sheet 202. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.
Goodwin, H. L. 2003. Personal communication.
Tabler, T. 2000. How much litter do broilers produce? Avian Advice 2(1):6-8.
VanDevender, K., J. Langston, and M. Daniels. 2000. Utilizing dry poultry litter – An overview. Arkansas Coop Ext. Ser. FSA8000-2.5M-12-00RV. University of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
Wimberly, J. 2002. The status of on-farm litter-to-energy systems in the United States. Proc. National Poultry Waste Management Symposium pp. 53-57.
|
|
|
