HOW DOES SMOKING AFFECTS?
Nicotine, the primary psychoactive chemical in tobacco, is addictive. 
Some of the toxic chemicals in the Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) are:
• Tar, made up of many chemicals, including cancer-causing substances.
• Carbon monoxide, that lowers the amount of oxygen your blood can carry.
• Poisons, including arsenic, ammonia and hydrogen cyanide.
• Nicotine, Benzene and benzo(a)pyrene. 
• ammonia, dimethyl nitrosamine, formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide and acrolein

Cigarette use has also been shown to cause multiple types of cancer, heart disease, respiratory disease, circulatory disease, birth defects (which include mental and physical disability) and emphysema.

HOW PASSIVE SMOKING DOES AFFECT?
Scientific studies have shown that passive smoke contains numerous chemicals that are poisonous. There are around 4,000 different chemicals in tobacco smoke that may be breathed in by someone who happens to be near a smoker. These toxic chemicals also stick to clothes, furniture, walls and inside the vehicles.
Some of the immediate effects of passive smoking include eye irritation, headache, cough, sore throat, dizziness and nausea. It aggravates Asthma. It increases risk of heart disease and lung cancer. It causes ischaemic heart disease in adult non-smokers, and it is a cause of respiratory disease, cot death, middle ear disease and asthmatic attacks in children. It reduces the coronary blood flow. It increases the risk of coronary artery disease. It may cause cardiovascular impairment. It may induce behavioral problems. Exposure to passive smoking is linked to increased prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
In the US alone, environmental smoke is responsible for 3000 death from lung cancer, 35,000 to 62,000 deaths from ischemic (due to deficiency of blood) heart disease, 150,000 to 300,000 cases of bronchitis or pneumonia in infants and children aged 18 months and younger (causing 136 to 212 deaths), 8000 to 26,000 new cases of asthma, exacerbation of asthma in 400,000 to 1 million children, 700,000 to 1.6 million visits to physician offices for middle ear infection, 9700 to 18,600 cases of low birth weight, and 1900 to 2700 sudden infant deaths.

HOW PASSIVE SMOKING DOES AFFECT CHILDREN?
Passive smoking during childhood 
• Causes bronchitis and pneumonia.
• Causes reduction in lung function and increases the severity in the symptoms of asthma.
• Impairs the olfactory function.
• Increases the risk of lowerrespiratory tract infections such as bronchitis, pneu-monia and bronchiolitis.
• Predisposes children to develop chronic obstructive airway disease and cancer as adults. 
• Reduces the ability to detect a wide variety of odours.
• Reduces the reading and reasoning skills.

HOW DOES SMOKING DURING PREGNANCY AFFECTS? 
The hazards of smoking during pregnancy incude the following.
The baby is likely to be smaller at birth. 
The baby is likely to have a low birth weight.
The mother is more likely to have a miscarriage.
There may be more chance of the baby being stillborn.
Women whose partners smoke have a higher risk of the baby not growing well in the womb.
Smoking during pregnancy and after the birth of a baby are linked to the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

HOW TO COMBAT THIS PROBLEM EFFECTIVELY?
So far all concerned tried to curb 
• Production of Tobacco as a crop
• Production of Cigarettes Industry
• Publicity of Tobacco products
• Smoking by people under 18
• Smoking in public places

And to impose heavy duties and Taxes on Tobacco products;
And to make it statutory to print warning instructions on the tobacco packages;
And to promote the usage of ozone ionizers, smoke- eating candles etc.
And to segregate and separate smokers and non-smokers in particular
venues;

However it is disheartening to note that none of the above efforts have reduced the intensity of the problem.
Hence the need arises for a new, simple and practical solution.

SMOKESHIELD is the novel, unheard, unimagined, non parallel, unique concept which is very simple, cost effective and yet very powerful to curb the effects of the PASSIVE SMOKING at gross root levels without affecting the physiological and behavioral attitudes of the smokers.

CONTENTS AND MODE OF ACTION OF SMOKESHIELD 

Activated Carbon present in SMOKESHIELD binds the Harmful Gases and also traps Toxins and Virus.
Activated Hydrated Sodium Aluminum Silicate present in SMOKESHIELD also entraps the obnoxious Gases. 
B. Nitrobacter present in SMOKESHIELD Converts HNO2 into HNO3. (Nitrite into nitrate); 
B. Nitrosomonas present in SMOKESHIELD Converts NH3 into HNO2.(Ammonia into Nitrite).

Carbon consuming microbes present in SMOKESHIELD decomposes carbon mono oxide and carbon dioxide.

Enzymes present in SMOKESHIELD degrade all the waste materials 
Saponins from Yucca Shiddeghere and Trigonella foenum graecum present in SMOKESHIELD help in binding these Toxic gases. 
Potassium Monopersulfate and other Oxygen liberating products present in SMOKESHIELD help in creating more ambient oxygen levels in the atmosphere.

EDTA present in SMOKESHIELD binds the heavy metals.
Phanerochaete chrysosporium present in SMOKESHIELD degrades Coal tar into carbon dioxide.

Titanium Dioxide, a Photolytic Catalyst, present in SMOKESHIELD degrades many toxic substances and eliminates odours arised of aldehydes, ammonia, mercaptan, p-dischlorobenzene by breaking down them. It also breaks down and neutralizes compounds like Nitric oxide, Sulfur dioxide, Carbon monoxide, Formaldehyde etc.

SALIENT FEATURES OF SMOKESHIELD:
• Acceptable to all the smokers. 
• Avoids the discomfort and other problems associated with the attempts to quit smoking.
• Binds most of the obnoxious Gases
• Biodegradable
• Captures most of the smoke as soon as it is produced.
• Converts most of the pollutants into Nutrients for use by beneficial microbes present in the atmosphere
• Converts toxic nitrogenous wastes into safe nutrients for use by beneficial microbes present in the atmosphere
• Does not interfere with the addiction habits of the people.
• Does not interfere with the enjoyment of the Tobacco by the smokers
• Does not interfere with the feeling of relaxation by the smokers
• Does not interfere with the quantum of Tobacco consumed by the people.
• Increases the quality and length of life and reduces the costs of medical treatment borne by the smokers and passive smokers for smoking-related illness
• Improves ambience of the closed atmosphere or areas with poor ventilation.
• Increases productivity of the subjects undergoing the passive smoking.
• Increases Survival rate.
• Prevents spreading of the smoke
• Protects passive smokers from many of the ill effects of such passive smoking. 
• Provides ambient atmosphere to the smoke inhaling living beings.

SUGGESTED METHOD OF USAGE
Place SMOKESHIELD pouches of 1.5g on all corners of the area @ 1.5g/ Cu. M
Which may be replaced once in 7-14 days depending on the intensity of smoking.

APPLICATIONS
• PUBS, BARS AND RESTAURENTS WHERE SMOKING IS PERMITTED
• BED ROOMS AND DRAWING ROOMS WHERE PARENTS SMOKE IN THE PRESENCE OF CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN.
• CLOSED CONFERENCE HALLS WHERE SMOKING IS PERMITTED
• PUBLIC PLACES WHERE SMOKING IS PERMITTED
• SMOKING ZONES

FOR BETTER RESULTS 
PROVIDE AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE SUN LIGHT or 60 WATTS ORDINARY TUNGSTEN LAMP/ 8 CUBIC M.

References
1. http://www.jeffreywigand.com/WHOFinal.pdf Wigand, MA. ADDITIVES, CIGARETTE DESIGN and TOBACCO PRODUCT REGULATION, A REPORT TO: WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION, TOBACCO FREE INITIATIVE, TOBACCO PRODUCT REGULATION GROUP, KOBE, JAPAN, 28 JUNE-2 JULY 2006
2. WHO/WPRO-Smoking Statistics
3. Philip Morris USA, Product Information -Cigarette ingredients, Retrieved March 5, 2007
4. David E. Merrill, (1994), "How cigarettes are made". Video presentation at Philip Morris USA, Richmond offices. Retrieved October 31, 2006
5. WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control; First international treaty on public health, adopted by 192 countries and signed by 168. Its Article 8.1 states "Parties recognize that scientific evidence has unequivocally established that exposure to tobacco causes death, disease and disability."
6. Hecht SS (1999) Tobacco Smoke Carcinogens and Lung Cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute
7. Smoke: A Global History of Smoking (2004) edited by Sander L. Gilman and Zhou Xun ISBN 1-86189-200-4.
8. Huber, G.L., Brockie, R.E. and Mahajan, V.K. 1993, ‘Smoke and mirrors’, in
Regulation, no. 3, pp. 44-54.
9. Johnstone, J.R. and Ulyatt, C. 1991, ‘Health scare, the misuse of science in public
health policy’, Critical Issues, no. 14.
10. Office of Regulation Review (ORR) 1992, ‘Developments in regulation and its
review’, in Industry Commission, Annual Report 1991-92, AGPS, Canberra, pp. 159-
182.
11. Tollison, R. and Wagner, R. 1992, The Economics of Smoking, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Boston/Dordrecht.