OXYRICH - Calcium peroxide in groundwater remediation 
CITATIONS:
Calcium peroxide is also known to be useful in land farming. In clayey soils it can provide a source of oxygen and improve hydraulic conductivity , permitting more efficient movement of nutrients and oxygen through the soil. The calcium peroxide treated soils shows increased total microbial populations and species diversity. Increasing species diversity suggests the ability to degrade a wilder range of chemical contaminants.
Below are some applications for crop growing.
Potato- by disseminating 8 kgs of calcium peroxide on 10 are land, the production may be increased by 43%.
Melon- in a green house fertilize the individual plant with 60 grams of calcium peroxide, the fruit bearing number can be increased by 30%, and sweetness can be enhanced by 7%.
Strawberry- fertilize the individual plant with 2 grams of calcium peroxide, the fruit bearing number can be increased by 30%, the individual fruit weight can be increased by 30%, and sweetness can be enhanced by 30%.
Cotton- fertilize the individual plant with 5 grams of calcium peroxide, the fruit bearing number can be increased by 30%, the individual fruit weight can be increased by 30%, and sweetness can be enhanced by 12%.
(http://www.runyoutech.com/htm/faq.htm#12.%20What%20is%20calcium%20peroxide?)
 
The effects of three water table (WT) depths (0, 15 and 40 cm) and calcium peroxide (Calper) on the growth and yield of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata, L.) and soybean (Glycine max) were investigated in field lysimeters for a sandy loam soil. Cowpea growth was the best at 40 cm WT depth. Leaf area, plant height, dry matter production, number of leaves and pods, grain yield and consumptive water use of cowpea increases with deeper (lower) WT depth. Application of calcium peroxide improved per cent emergence, leaf area, dry matter, number of leaves and pods, weight of 100 seeds, grain yield and water use in cowpea. The optimum WT depth for vegetative growth of soybean was 15 cm, although the highest grain yield was obtained at 40 cm WT depth. Number of pods, grain yield and water use efficiency of soybean increased with deeper water table depth. Application of calcium peroxide to soybean increased number of leaves and pods per plant, and grain yield for the 15 cm WT depth treatment.
(L. T. Ogunremi, R. Lal and O. Babalola; Effects of water table depth and calcium perioxide application on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and soybean (Glycine max); Plant and Soil; Volume 63, Number 2 / June, 1981)
 
Use of calcium peroxide significantly increased crop emergence, plant population
and their dry matter production; reduced the weed growth significantly. It also recorded significantly higher number of panicles and grains/panicle. Grain and straw yields were increased owing to use of CaO2 by 60 and 22 per cent, respectively in comparison to pre-germinated seeds alone. This was due to the fact that CaO2 supplies oxygen for seed respiration and thereby increases germinability. Besides the oxygen supply makes seedling emergence and establishrnent stable and brings about sufficient vegetative growth, and ultimately higher yield is the outcome.
Also it may have certain effect on raising the soil pH up and thus on increasing
nutrient availability. Similar results were reported by Sen and Gulati (1983) and Nair
et al. (1986).
(H. KALITA and A. K. GOGOI; Effect of Variety Calcium 'Peroxide and Weed Control on, the Performance of Direct Seeded Late Kharif Rice; Indian J. Weed Sci. 24 (1&2): 100..103 1992).
 
Effect of ORC (oxygen release compound) on organogenesis in PLB (protocorm-like body) cultures of Cymbidiumu finlaysonianum was examined. Proliferation of PLB was promoted by addition of ORC at concentrations over 30 mg/l. Addition of ORC to culture medium resulted in a significant increase in shoot numbers developed from PLBs. Number of shoots were increased 1.8 fold compared to that after control treatment.
[SHIMASAKI KAZUHIKO(Kochi Univ., Faculty of Agriculture, JPN) TANIBUCHI YU(Kochi Univ., Faculty of Agriculture, JPN) FUKUMOTO YASUFUMI(Kochi Univ., Faculty of Agriculture, JPN); Effect of Oxygen Release Compound (ORC) on Organogenesis Protocorm-Like Body (PLB) Cultures of Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindi.; Journal of Society of High Technology in Agriculture (J. SHITA); VOL.15;NO.2;PAGE.87-89(2003)]

Glasshouse trials indicate the optimum coating for rice seed as 35% (w/w) on seed weight of 60% calcium peroxide. Coatings in excess of this show no improvement and a 20% (w/w) coating gives comparable results to pre germinated seed.
As compared with untreated or pre germinated seeds an optimum seed coating of calcium peroxide increases the number of seedlings emerging through the water layer when rice seed is sown on the soil surface of waterlogged soil or at a depth of 1 cm below the soil surface.
The coating is applicable to a wide range of rice growing temperatures and not influenced by soil type.
(Ann M. Baker and William Hatton; Calcium peroxide as a seed coating material for padi rice; Plant and Soil; Volume 99, Numbers 2-3 / June, 1987)

‘Ca02’ increased overall carbon release from axenic wheat seed, especially at 17 and 21 % v/v) O2 concentrations, but fructose and glucose exudations were inhibited. Total carbohydrate released was not affected. Sucrose exudation was detected from ‘Ca02 treated seed, but not from untreated seed. The major form of carbon released from seeds was not carbohydrate and possibly originated from the seed coat. Although exudates supported substantial fungal and bacterial growth, the antimicrobial properties of the formulation suggest that it has potential as a plant protection chemical.
(M. SLADDIN AND J . M. LYNCH; Antimicrobial Properties of Calcium Peroxide in Relation to Its Potential Use as a Seed Dressing; Journal of General Microbiology (1983), 129, 2307-23 14.)

In U.S. Patent No. 3,912,490, Malcolm B. Boghosian discusses the use of urea peroxide and hydrogen peroxide as supplements to fertilizers which release oxygen to the soil. The Boghosian composition is an aqueous solution containing urea peroxide or hydrogen peroxide. This solution is applied to the soil or other media in which the plant grows and it penetrates the soil, releasing oxygen to the root zone. This oxygen treatment improves plant appearance and prevents injury to the plant due to over watering.
Calcium peroxide, potassium peroxide, and magnesium peroxide are better oxygen release agents than the urea peroxide and hydrogen peroxide used by Boghosian. These metal peroxides may be applied directly to the soil either in dry powder form or dispersed in water, dissolved or dispersed in water and applied to seeds prior to planting, or compounded with nutrients to provide a fertilizer having an active amount of the calcium peroxide, potassium peroxide, magnesium peroxide, or mixtures thereof.
One of the continued challenges in engineering clinically applicable tissues is the establishment of vascularization upon implantation in vivo. Although the effectiveness of an enhanced angiogenic response using various growth factors has been demonstrated in many tissue systems, the rate of angiogenesis could not be accelerated. In this study we investigated whether incorporating oxygen generating biomaterials into tissue engineered constructs would provide a sustained oxygen release over an extended period of time. We examined whether oxygen generating biomaterials are able to maintain cell viability while also maintaining structural integrity of a 3-D construct. Calcium peroxide-based oxygen generating particles were incorporated into 3-D scaffolds of Poly(d,l-lactide–co–glycolide) (PLGA). The scaffolds were designed to generate oxygen over the course of 10 days and simultaneously maintain sufficient mechanical integrity. Scaffolds containing oxygen generating materials maintained elevated levels of oxygen when incubated under hypoxic conditions. Further, these biomaterials were able to extend cell viability growth under hypoxic conditions. These findings indicate that the use of oxygen generating biomaterials may allow for increased cell survivability while neovascularization is being established after implantation. Such scaffolds may play an important role in tissue engineering where currently oxygen diffusion limits the engineering of large tissue implants.
(Se Heang Oh, Catherine L. Ward, Anthony Atala, James J. Yoo and Benjamin S. Harrison;
Oxygen generating scaffolds for enhancing engineered tissue survival; Biomaterials
Volume 30, Issue 5, February 2009, Pages 757-762 )

This research investigates the use of a proprietary formulation of calcium peroxide as an oxygen releasing compound in a treatment wall. Laboratory scale column studies evaluated the release of oxygen and the permeability effects resulting from a mixture of the calcium peroxide and a representative aquifer sand (40-mesh Unimin sand). Influent water was prepared at an average dissolved oxygen concentration of 3.1 mg/L and pumped into the treatment wall soil at a constant rate of 0.17 cm³/s to simulate ground water dissolved oxygen and flow conditions. The average changes in relative permeability for mixtures of 0.1%, 0.5% and 1.0% calcium peroxide by weight were 65.6%, 66.1% and 77.1%, respectively. The peak dissolved oxygen levels in the same mixtures were 5.9, 7.40, and 10.7 mg/L, respectively.
(Lizette Chevalier and Charles D. McCann ; Feasibility of calcium peroxide as an oxygen releasing compound in treatment walls; International Journal of Environment and Waste Management; Volume 2, Number 3 / 2008; Pages: 245 – 256)

Calcium peroxide, when injected in slurry form at optimal locations, will release oxygen beneath the water table thereby stimulating biodegradation of the aromatic hydrocarbons in ground water. The by-products from the reactions are water, carbon dioxide, and calcium ions. Laboratory experiments have been conducted to assess the performance of the food-grade calcium peroxide as an oxygen source. Calcium peroxide generated maximum dissolved oxygen levels of 20 to 40 ppm with pH levels at the source ranging from 10 to 12. The sandy soil used in the experiment had sufficient buffering capacity to neutralize the elevated pH levels within a few feet from the source. The total dissolved solids did not exceed 500 mg/L.
(http://www.dep.state.fl.us/waste/quick_topics/publications/pss/pcp/innovative/variances/v_0008.doc)

 
 

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